Policy Integration Deficit in the Governance of the Food Estate
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jakp.11.2.339-359.2026Abstract
The Food Estate was designed as a cross-sectoral program to strengthen food security through relationships among planning, production, water management, land, the environment, institutions, processing, and distribution. Studies have examined the environmental risks, implementation, coordination, and accountability of the Food Estate, but the relationships among goals, authority, instruments, and policy learning have often been analyzed separately. This study aims to explain why cross-sectoral problems persist and how a policy integration deficit emerges in Food Estate governance. The study uses a qualitative approach based on document analysis of 10 core sources from 2012–2026, consisting of two national regulations or policy frameworks, three official state documents, one Taskap as an initial source, and four empirical studies, supported by 20 additional publications. The analysis uses Candel and Biesbroek’s four dimensions, with Peters’ perspective used to interpret interorganizational coordination. The findings show that the Food Estate has a formal cross-sectoral design and a relatively complete set of instruments, but shared outcomes have not always been translated into sufficiently strong linkages among authority arrangements and policy instruments. Instrument effectiveness depends on the sequencing of site designation, land and water management, cultivation, post-harvest activities, and downstream activities. Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are available, but evidence of shared-outcome indicators and cross-sectoral policy learning remains limited. The study concludes that the central problem lies not only in the performance of individual sectors, but in the quality of relationships among goals, authority, instruments, and evaluation processes. These findings underscore the importance of assessing interorganizational relationships in cross-sectoral programs.
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